If we have to introduce you to Richard The Third then you really weren't paying attention in history class. Richard III was King of England for a relatively short duration, from 1483 until his death in 1485 when he was struck down in the Battle of Bosworth Field. His demise saw the end of the Plantagenet dynasty and he was the last ever King of the house of York. Sad times. His death took place in the final decisive battle of the Wars of the Roses which happened to be the event to conclude the Middle Ages in England.
Richard the Third didn't live the longest life, he met his tragic demise at the age of 33. However, that's pretty good going for someone with curvature of the spine, a withered arm, and a limp.